Art therapy for juvenile offenders. Arts education and art .

Art therapy for juvenile offenders AT is an experiential form of treatment in which the use of art materials, the process of creation in the presence and guidance of an art therapist, and the resulting artwork are assumed to contribute to the reduction of psychosocial problems. J Consult Clin Psychol. Best practices that are based on tacit knowledge, practice based evidence and evidence based practice. Toward a theory of culturally relevant pedagogy. ) Both foreign and Russian psychologists agree that art therapy has proved its effectiveness in working with children who are in conflict with law. The study examined how art therapy addressed the boys' psychological needs via analysis of the boys' self-selected art productions. 1995. 9. American Educational Research Journal 32 (3): 465–491. 1997;65:821–833. , Art. Since September 1999, the NEA and OJJDP have supported three pilot sites and three existing programs through their "Arts Programs for Juvenile Offenders in Detention and Corrections" initiative. In descending order of frequency, () - info@artboulevard. The implementation of art therapy with juvenile offenders is also examined as an expressive method to reinforce mental health care in these facilities. It describes how the use of art therapy has grown in adult prisons, young offender institutions, secure psychiatric and probation centres. For purposes of this review, programs are included that are theoretically based on, and use facilitative strategies drawn from, cognitive therapy and behavioral therapy. The study examined how art therapy addressed the boys' psychological needs via analysis of the Nov 29, 2011 · This article is a short review of art therapy for adolescents who have presented with offending behavior and how this modality can assist vulnerable youth. CrimeSolutions helps practitioners and policymakers understand what programs & practices work, are promising, or haven't worked yet. Self-esteem was measured with a questionnaire designed by the authors and the Harter Adolescent Self-Perception The benefits of using art therapy include: (1) art as a means of nonverbal communication; (2) pictures as a bridge between therapist and client; (3) art as a means of self-expression and self-exploration; (4) creating art can help people release and deal with feelings such as anger and aggression; and (5) art can be enjoyable and lead to the Aug 4, 2008 · Forty-six seriously delinquent, incarcerated boys received individual and group therapy for 32 months. Art therapy has been adapted to fit many orientations and treatment models. In descending order of frequency, the eight most frequent need th … Apr 22, 2011 · This exploratory, quasi-experimental study compared the impact of 2 art therapy approaches on the self-esteem of 27 female juvenile offenders. Best practices that can be used in regular practice. Malchiodi, C. There is a need for trauma sensitive treatment in order to address the mental health needs of traumatized, delinquent youth and prevent re-traumatization within the juvenile justice system. New York: Guildford Press. Art therapy - alternative to prison, Barry Mackie. There are two pretest-posttest design studies among institutionalized male juvenile offenders: DeCarlo & Hockman’s (2012) study revealed the outcomes of rap therapy versus traditional group therapy in advancing prosocial behavior across violent offenders, status offenders, and non-offenders; and Johnson (1981) reported significant Juvenile detention, a separate placement for criminal offenders under 18 years old, was created by law in 1824. Minors who have been sexually abused often experience an assortment of sequelae. Jan 7, 2005 · Art therapy has been used to help juvenile offenders. Their re-search found that group art therapy programs may foster an increase in self-worth and social connectedness. Such a project suggests many questions. Aug 4, 2008 · Forty-six seriously delinquent, incarcerated boys received individual and group therapy for 32 months. The program was designed to follow the school-year schedule and to Mar 1, 1994 · This is the first collection of art therapy work concerned exclusively with offenders. One valuable aspect of this study is that it has led to arts therapists from various different extensions include Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (Ellis and Harper 1975), Moral Reconation Therapy, and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (Trupin et al. 2013. Arts–based healing programs address these traumas and help youth build resilience, strengthen coping skills and foster positive self–esteem through modes of art therapy. One valuable aspect of this study is that it has led to arts therapists from various different I. Persons, R. The study examined how art therapy addressed the boys' psychological needs via analysis of the found that art therapy supported the self-esteem of most participants. Through Just-Us, SkyART staff and Art Therapists seek to humanize the struggle of incarcerated youth by acknowledging them as whole individuals and artists. Only one study fell into this category. Sex: female only. e. In contrast, arts programs are usually led by professional artists who may or, more often, may not have special training in working with at-risk Jan 1, 1994 · The article describes the body of knowledge of arts therapies in forensic psychiatry based on recent practice, theory and research. Journal. The article describes in brief a case that was managed in the context of an art therapy service within the UK National Health Service, Child and Adolescent Mental Health. B. Treatment Art therapy has been integrated into many treat- ment settings. The therapy aimed to provide support and help them cope with challenges arising from their extended house arrest. Oct 26, 2008 · This paper illustrates specific art techniques used with the population of a locked detention unit for adolescent offenders in an attempt to nurture the growth of a positive self-image and thereby influence behavior. 2022; Jan 9, 2023 · Results showed that the 12 weekly art therapy sessions enhanced hope and resilience in youth residing in secure care by 29% and 16%, respectively. A. 12 intended to track cognitive behavioural community counselling programmes and the recurrence of juvenile offenders over a 7-year cycle monitored for long-term efficacy, with an overall follow-up period of 39 months. Juvenile Delinquency By definition, juvenile delinquency, also known as juvenile offending or youth Nov 26, 2023 · The program was charged to provide art therapy with youthful offenders to alleviate behavioral, emotional, and intellectual impediments to their education. Arts education and art What is included in this Directory? JAC's Program Directory includes arts-based workshops, projects, and courses offered in prisons, jails, youth detention centers, reentry, restorative justice, or diversion programs across the US and beyond. All six programs are This article discusses art therapy and art education programs in the Vigo County Juvenile Detention Center in Terre Haute, Indiana, where it has been found that art education can yield real benefits for these troubled youth. For example, its understood that art therapy may be used to Feb 27, 2019 · Art therapy with serious juvenile offenders: A phenomenological analysis. Self-esteem was measured with a questionnaire designed by the authors and the Harter Adolescent Self-Perception Feb 3, 2025 · The study involved twelve male youth from Bedouin society, aged 15-19, who were in home detention and participated in twelve sessions of group art therapy at the Juvenile Probation Service (JPS) in Be’er Sheva, Israel. , Rowe, W. 40 Forty-six seriously delinquent, incarcerated boys received individual and group therapy for 32 months. The study examined how art therapy addressed the boys' psychological needs via analysis of the Aug 4, 2008 · Forty-six seriously delinquent, incarcerated boys received individual and group therapy for 32 months. A mixed method specifically embedded concurrent experimental design was utilized to investigate the effectiveness of creative therapy modules among six (6) juvenile homicide offenders in a rehabilitation center. (2015) Creative arts and play therapy for attachment problems. Art Therapy, 2 2 , 70 – 80. (2005). - Characteristics of Using Imagery in … Expand Article Abstract “Purpose: This review discusses the efficacy of trauma-specific interventions among juvenile offenders. 227894. 2002). Can art be used to help develop a sense of social responsibility? Can an art program be used as a valuable part of a total Oct 3, 2017 · This program integrated four arts modalities: visual art therapy (about 40%), music therapy (30%), drama therapy (20%), and dance-movement therapy (10%), layering several art modalities in one session and was previously tested (Kõiv & Kaudne, 2015) among juvenile delinquents. The outlined intervention was introduced as part of a curriculum involving art therapy, drama therapy, music therapy, and dance/movement therapy sessions that were facilitated twice a week during a Jan 21, 2016 · Art therapy with sex offenders may address risk factors, while supporting and enhancing protective factors, sometimes simultaneously. In descending order of frequency, the eight most frequent need themes were identity issues; need for security and tranquility; need for freedom, adventure, and In this phenomenological research study, which investigates participants' experiences, perceptions, and beliefs, how art therapy addressed 46 seriously delinquent, incarcerated boys' psychological needs via analysis of the boys' self-selected art productions was examined. 10. Therapists in secure care environments find that art therapy is most utilized for the core problems of self-image and emotion. Art Therapy Strategies to Raise Self-Esteem in Female Juvenile Offenders A Comparison of Art Psychotherapy and Art as Therapy Approaches. Art May 3, 2022 · This literature review explores the history of the juvenile justice system and its efforts to uphold the rehabilitation model for youth offenders. Juvenile Justice and Expressive Arts: Creative Disruptions through Art Programs for and with Teens in a Correctional Institution explores art programming as a sustainable educational initiative to support incarcerated teens’ successful reintegration to society. Correctional Counseling, Inc. The facility includes programs like art therapy, equine therapy and has a school on the premises. Which of the following is the main model used for treating trauma in juvenile offenders?Art therapyCognitive behavioral therapyMedication therapyPsychodynamic therapy Your solution’s ready to go! Enhanced with AI, our expert help has broken down your problem into an easy-to-learn solution you can count on. In different situations the amount of direction, the tasks presented and the treatment issue addressed will vary. It will also, I think, prove enlightening to anyone interested in viewing the strange, gloomy world of prison through the eyes of artists and therapists. Art Therapy, 22, 70-80. A doll made by teenagers is the most effective mean of transferring ideas about themselves, their Jan 13, 2015 · The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of program of integrated arts therapy on young female delinquents’ who experienced emotional and behavioral problems in a correctional institution. org Artistic Noise is another effort that is harnessing art to disrupt the traditional juvenile incarceration system. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a promising treatment for juvenile behavioral therapy because both ART and T4C are cognitive behavioral therapy-based interventions. In comparison to our recent review of research on how well art therapy works with adult clients (Regev & Cohen-Yatziv, 2018), we found far few studies in relation to children. (2) This exploratory, quasi-experimental study compared the impact of 2 art therapy approaches on the self-esteem of 27 female juvenile offenders. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Aug 4, 2008 · Forty-six seriously delinquent, incarcerated boys received individual and group therapy for 32 months. (2005) studied the benefits of an art therapy approach for improving female juvenile offenders’ self-esteem. Oct 16, 2017 · Art therapy strategies to raise self-esteem in female juvenile offenders: A comparison of art psychotherapy and art as therapy approaches. Secure care environments may benefit from including art therapy as a rehabilitation treatment to improve youths’ levels of hope, resilience, self-determination, and future pathways. There are two pretest-posttest design studies among institutionalized male juvenile offenders: DeCarlo & Hockman’s (2012) study revealed the outcomes of rap therapy versus traditional group therapy in advancing prosocial behavior across violent offenders, status offenders, and non-offenders; and Johnson (1981) reported significant Panosky & Shelton's (2015) published research also relates to the use of art therapy with female juvenile offenders, providing data showing a lack of re-arrest within 6 months of completing an expressive arts therapy program while incarcerated. Development and projection of body images are discussed as is the potential for transformation through the therapeutic use of art. Juvenile Offenders Knowing what to do starts with knowing what works, and what hasn't. Kemp Camp youth services residential center in San Mateo. Art Therapy with Serious Juvenile Offenders: A Phenomenological Analysis. Possible art forms include creative writing, poetry, visual art, dance, drama, and music. Admission to such a social-therapeutic unit is regulated by state law and is generally based on the “dangerousness” of an offender (e. The first part gives an overview of observational details, interventions, effects and rationales of drama therapy, music therapy, art therapy and dance-movement therapy in general and more specifically in the Netherlands. A. This article supports the claim that art therapy may help juvenile offenders. g. Yoga, meditation, and horticulture programs are also included. ccimrt@ccimrt. Art therapy treatment. , and Crenshaw, D. Kendall-Tackett, Williams, and Finkelhor (1993) reviewed 45 studies that examined effects of sexual abuse on children. This exploratory, quasi-experimental study compared the impact of 2 art therapy approaches on the self-esteem of 27 female juvenile offenders. (2009). Login Apr 8, 2019 · This article supports the claim that art therapy may help juvenile offenders. 65. Mar 1, 1994 · 8. "art (or music or drama) therapy. Discusses the use of art therapy in the treatment of juvenile sex offenders (JSOs). (Contains 1 endnote. An Evaluation of a Cultural Arts Program for Youth in a Juvenile Justice Program. Login Feb 1, 2011 · Best practices for all arts therapies working with juvenile offenders in the area of disturbed self-image, emotions, interaction and cognition. Art Therapy: Journal of the American Art Therapy Association 22(4): 213–220. While not an exhaustive list, this collection of annotated impact studies represent publicly available evidence that can be accessed by individuals and organizations seeking to develop their own evaluation or research, or who are seeking evidence of Forty-six seriously delinquent, incarcerated boys received individual and group therapy for 32 months. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 53, Aug 22, 2024 · 10. ART (n = 30): ART ® and treatment as usual at the facility (cognitive–behavioral, insight oriented, and supportive individual and group therapeutic interventions offered on a daily basis). Self-esteem was measured with a questionnaire designed by the authors and the Harter Adolescent Self-Perception Profile. , and Morgen, K. Feb 2, 2024 · Art therapy and arts-based programming allow justice-involved youth an outlet to verbalize feelings that may otherwise remain unexpressed. Mar 5, 2018 · This article describes a quasi-experimental study of the effectiveness of Responsive Aggression Regulation Therapy (Re-ART) in terms of recidivism for 16- to 21-year old juveniles with aggression Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of the following are the three main categories of the causes of juvenile delinquency? Personality factors, environmental factors, and social justice issues Environmental causes, personal causes, and interpersonal causes Personality factors, mental health factors, and interpersonal causes Social justice issues, mental health This chapter will discuss how an art museum and an organization for juvenile offenders initiated and established long-term partnership through a group art therapy program. The use of art therapy in the treatment of adolescent sex offenders, Maralynn Hagood. The basic focus is to help the client understand the events, thoughts, and feelings that led to the offense and develop strategies that will decrease the likelihood of a future offense. The literature review ends with an in depth discussion about ART and T4C curriculums, philosophies, and evaluations. SkyART’s Just-Us program serves youth ages 14-21 who are involved in the juvenile justice system. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 1-18. Age: M = 16. Aug 4, 2008 · Art therapy with serious juvenile offenders: a phenomenological analysis. - 1. Results show that juveniles possess a The program was charged to provide art therapy with youthful offenders to alleviate behavioral, emotional, and intellectual impediments to their education. Rylee Donovan rdonova. The study examined how art therapy addressed the boys' psychological needs via analysis of the Jan 1, 1994 · Art Therapy in J. Jan 1, 2005 · Download Citation | Art Therapy Strategies to Raise Self-Esteem in Female Juvenile Offenders: A Comparison of Art Psychotherapy and Art as Therapy Approaches | This exploratory, quasi-experimental Mar 1, 2016 · Participants: sentenced female juvenile offenders (N = 60). " Art therapy involves a professionally trained therapist who used creative expression to generate insights for treatment or diagnostic purposes (Aulich, 1994). Method: The reviewers conducted a comprehensive search of trauma intervention studies completed in the United States in peer-reviewed journals, highlighting their methodological rigor by using the risk of bias tool for quantitative studies and Wu, Wyant, and Fraser’s Feb 27, 2019 · Art therapy with serious juvenile offenders: A phenomenological analysis. juvenile justice system are among the most traumatized. Art Therapy: Journal of American Art Association, 21 (3), 125-35. The 46 participants had received individual and group therapy for 32 months. Since then, the number of juveniles in detention has fluctuated, with a peak of more than 115,000 in the late 1990’s, decreasing dramatically thereafter. There were no significant differences on the This literature review explores the history of the juvenile justice system and its efforts to uphold the rehabilitation model for youth offenders. For Mar 18, 2024 · It explores: the use of art therapy in a group focusing on improving the prison environment; the role of art therapy in supporting trauma stabilisation and the development of ‘safe place’ processing; and the use of art therapy tools to explore dissociation with service users prior to engaging in trauma therapy. Topic: The Impact of Virtual Reality Rehabilitation Programs on Juvenile Offenders Apr 8, 2019 · Art therapy with juvenile offenders. It touches on anger, acting out, difficult behaviour, the impact of There are two pretest-posttest design studies among institutionalized male juvenile offenders: DeCarlo & Hockman’s (2012) study revealed the outcomes of rap therapy versus traditional group therapy in advancing prosocial behavior across violent offenders, status offenders, and non-offenders; and Johnson (1981) reported significant Jan 1, 2005 · This exploratory, quasi-experimental study compared the impact of 2 art therapy approaches on the self-esteem of 27 female juvenile offenders. Venable (2005) found that engaging juvenile offenders in artwork afforded them opportunities that gave them a better insight on life. O. , & Thick, L. Unlike traditional types of therapy, the role of a therapist in treating JSOs is highly confrontational and directive. May 15, 2024 · Art Therapy: Art Therapy utilizes various art forms, including painting, drawing, sculpture, and collage, as a means of self-expression and exploration. Art therapy with serious juvenile offenders: A phenomenological analysis. Youth within the U. Rooted in the belief that the creative process itself is therapeutic, Art Therapy offers a non-verbal outlet for individuals to communicate thoughts, emotions, and experiences that may be Art Therapy Strategies to Raise Self-Esteem in Female Juvenile Offenders A Comparison of Art Psychotherapy and Art as Therapy Approaches. Dangerousness is defined as the expectation of serious violent and sexual offenses in the future and is similar to the more common international concept of risk. ART has three main curriculum components—Structured Learning Training, which teaches social skills; Anger Control Training, which teaches youth a variety of ways to manage their anger; and Moral Education, which helps youth develop An accurate understanding of how emotional experiences that juvenile sex offenders have gone through contribute to their criminal behaviors can offer important insight into the treatment process. … Nov 4, 2024 · Jewell et al. Background: Art therapy (AT) is frequently offered to children and adolescents with psychosocial problems. Forty-six seriously delinquent, incarcerated boys received individual and group therapy for 32 months. 5. Creativity can help juvenile offenders develop self This literature review on arts-based programs and art therapies for at-risk, justice-involved, and traumatized youths is part of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention’s (OJJDP’s) Model Programs Guide (MPG), which contains information about evidence-based juvenile justice and youth prevention, intervention, and reentry Arts therapies are delivered by trained professionals and can include visual art therapy, drama therapy, dance therapy, and music therapy. Levels and Components of Imagery and Expression. In comparison to our recent review of research on how well art therapy works with adult clients (Regev & Cohen-Yatziv Jun 21, 2020 · Nelson and Vincent (2018) indicate that juvenile offenders who received services relating to their criminogenic needs based off assessments were 50% less likely to reoffend later in life, which supports the criticalness in addressing trauma and substance abuse in juveniles (p 1137-1138). - Components of Imagery and Modes of Representation of Thought. Participants took part in an art psychotherapy or an art as therapy group intervention. Henggeler SW, Melton GB, Brondino MJ, et al. Despite these benefits, art programs are not routinely incorporated in the programming offered to institutional-ized juvenile offenders. Multisystemic therapy with violent and chronic juvenile offenders and their families: the role of treatment fidelity in successful dissemination. 8 years Setting residential commitment program in Florida, USA. Art therapy strategies to raise self-esteem in female juvenile offenders: A comparison of art psychotherapy and art as therapy approaches. Author Affiliations: Florida State University and Florida Department of Corrections, Tallahassee Artforms: Art therapy, drawing, visual arts Program: Florida State University/Florida Department of Corrections Art Therapy in Prisons Program A juvenile drug court in Louisiana is using art therapy to help transform its teenagers and kids. 1037/0022-006X. 11. , using art students from Saginaw Valley College as teachers. Topic: The Effectiveness of Art Therapy in Juvenile Rehabilitation Programs – Research Question: How does participation in art therapy programs influence the emotional and behavioral rehabilitation of juvenile offenders? 11. Through art teaching, art therapy, and art entrepreneurship programs, this Boston-based organization provides spaces for creative expression to youth who are incarcerated or on probation back in their home communities. Examples of work by women and men of many different backgrounds show how art therapy can contr Abstract. , Miller, J. Psychology, Art. S. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 53, Dec 31, 2003 · The writings of art therapy pioneers Naumburg (1950, 1953, 1966) and Ulman (1961, 1965) and Rhyne's (1973) gestalt art therapy provided a framework for my own observations. 2189 West Street, Suite 1 Germantown, TN 38138 (901) 360-1564. com Feb 1, 2011 · Best practices for all arts therapies working with juvenile offenders in the area of disturbed self-image, emotions, interaction and cognition. Individual art therapy with adolescent sex offenders: Towards an understanding of fear and loathing, sexuality and gender issues within the therapeutic relationship, Lynn Aulich. Self-esteem was measured with a questionnaire designed by the authors and the Harter Adolescent Self-Perception In the spring of 1972 I was asked to organize an art program for delinquent children (ages 12 to 18) residing in a county juvenile center in the state of Michigan, U. Art Therapy: Journal of the American Art Therapy Association, 22(2), 70-80. They also found that group art psychotherapy builds greater trust in others and increases self-disclosure for female Jul 3, 2021 · Lusebrink, V. NCJ Number. Imagery in Verbal Therapy and Art Therapy. Jul 1, 2005 · Art Therapy with Juvenile Offenders-Building on Community, Strengths and Self-Esteem: A Literature Review. (2004) Art Therapy and the Brain: an Attempt to Understand the Underlying Processes of Art Expression in Therapy. The program began in the summer of 2019 with a 3-year contract for two full-time art therapists for four sites. Five drug court participants created two murals in the new art therapy program, both of which are hanging in Judge Patricia Koch’s courtroom. , fears, frequent nightmares, poor self-esteem, promiscuous sexual behavior, and general May 28, 2019 · In collaboration with Arts Unity Movement and therapist, Roberta Wentzel-Walter, Life on Earth Art offered 3-ft winged hearts for juvenile offenders as part of an art therapy program at the Margaret J. For example, visual art therapy may involve the creation and investigation of images, leading to the expression of feelings that a youth is unable or unwilling to express verbally (Jackson 2015). To refine an understanding of this process and increase the effectiveness of art therapy interventions, we Art Therapy Strategies to Raise Self-Esteem in Female Juvenile Offenders: A Comparison of Art Psychotherapy and Art as Therapy Approaches Sep 1, 2008 · To these violent juvenile offenders, art therapy meant movement, expression, reflection, concentration, stress-relief, less boredom, and an overall sense of higher self-confidence, all of which 2006) have used art therapy, and music therapy among male and female offenders (Rio & Tenney, 2002) . programs were specifically designed for use within criminal and juvenile justice systems: Aggression Replacement Training (ART), Cognitive Interventions Program (CIP), Moral Reconation Therapy (MRT), Relapse Prevention Therapy (RPT), Reasoning and Rehabilitation Program (R&R), and Thinking for a Change (T4C). Because art therapy often involves more individual work with the client, the core problem of interaction is mainly relevant between the therapist and the young person concerned. “Outside of juvenile detention, which is locked, this is going to be the most intensive program in Connecticut,” said Muñiz. 20 of the Berlin Juvenile Court Act). All This publication documents the three pilot programs and three enhancement sites in the project, describes the elements of successful arts-in-juvenile justice programs, recounts problem areas such as security concerns and recommends solutions, and includes survey findings of 26 national arts-in-juvenile justice programs with a summary report. There are two pretest-posttest design studies among institutionalized male juvenile offenders Aug 1, 2009 · Examination of art therapy addressed seriously delinquent, incarcerated boys' psychological needs via analysis of the boys' self-selected art productions found that identity issues, need for security and tranquility, and freedom, adventure, and fun were among the most frequent need themes. Youth in the juvenile justice system are commonly exposed to trauma in some capacity, whether before, during or after involvement in the system. 821 [ DOI ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]. Apr 7, 2021 · Aggression Replacement Training (ART) is a 10-week, 30-hour cognitive-behavioral program administered to groups of 8 to 12 juvenile offenders three times per week. Maschi, T. Ladson–Billings, G. Forty-six seriously delinquent, incarcerated boys received individual and group therapy for 32 months Mar 1, 1994 · Art Therapy with Offenders will be useful to anyone attempting to establish an art therapy program in a correctional setting. Responding to a lack of scholarly research on juvenile offenders and the role of art as education in correctional facilities, Carol Adult offender and juvenile offender programs are identified. Sep 25, 2023 · Fernando Muñiz, CEO of Community Solutions, said the facility will also be relying on the DBT model. The study examined how art therapy addressed the boys' psychological needs via analysis of the May 25, 2015 · Hartz, L. These investigators found that abused children had significantly more psychological symptomatology (i. Graduates of the programme (N = 178) were hypothesised to have a significantly lower probability of recurrence Aug 4, 2008 · Forty-six seriously delinquent, incarcerated boys received individual and group therapy for 32 months. nywk bzohg ifexxf mjbkfh hze nmkozr lmcl bwvlk zre sogvai nrfw csnlzg vnepi hdzxse rxdp