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Law of indices exercise dse pdf. online/xgbuph/ffh4x-auto-kill-apk-download-2023.

• Diagrams are NOT accurately drawn, unless otherwise indicated. Exercise 5: Subject on both sides. Write 3x+1 in terms of. There is no requirement in law for students to complete a DSE assessment. 4 ·6 10 m. : DSE Target (DSE 坐 1 望 精選 ) CONTENT Law of Indices p. º www. Other contents: Variables, basic operations, index or exponents. Powers, or indices We write the expression 3 ×3 ×3 31. Premium DSE Preparation Plan. Level 4+ Guarantee and Level 5** award. Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10. n n a a 1 − = 7. It is easier to write 23 than 2 2 2. 2017-DSE CHEM PAPER 1A HONG KONG EXAMINATIONS AND ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY HONG KONG DIPLOMA OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION 2017. 137 The laws of indices Introduction A power, or an index, is used to write a product of numbers very compactly. A certain radioactive source gives a corrected count rate of 300 counts per minute. In. 3 Formulae & Change of Subject p. 指數定律 (Law of Indices) 基本上每年DSE考試MC同短題目都有出指數定律、仲要考嘅嘢年年都一樣。. Let us have a look at some of the topics that are being discussed in this chapter. They can also be used to represent roots, such as the square root, We will discuss here about the different Laws of Indices. The laws of indices Introduction A power,oranindex, is used to write a product of numbers very compactly. 1 understand the definitions of rational indices 16 The definitions include and . pdf - Read online for free. [Nos. a 2 − b 2 ≡ (a + b)(a − b) 2. a0 ap. Try it yourself: Oct 30, 2018 · 第六集《目擊個案 中集》類似犯案手法, 次次一樣先拆穿, 然後factorize, 再約簡,最後按數機答案好多時都是個數字睇埋下一集 Solutions for the assessment Indices Rules - Basics 1) a) 3 5 b) 5 × 3 2 c) 7. 6. 17 Simultaneous Linear Equations in unknowns Apr 24, 2020 · Laws of indices. Simplify the following expressions: a. Exponents are also called Powers or Indices. a m×an = a +n First Index Law (am)n = amn Second Index Law am an = am−n Third Index Law a−m = 1 am a0 = 1 a1 n = n √ a Examples: Simplify the following expressions, leaving only positive indices Introduction. indices. Common misconceptions. Multiplication 乘法 a ×a =am +n 2. com/forms/d/1gwuTCvji-GdAzpHOGRjPKLskgFvscbOA0vUsB8AuDlE/viewform?edit Sep 26, 2019 · Next: Negative Indices Textbook Exercise GCSE Revision Cards. am ÷ an = am − n. This means: 3. Maths I Index laws are the rules for simplifying expressions involving powers of the same base number. =. Problems involve forces acting on objects up and down inclines, being lowered or raised by ropes or strings, and objects accelerating or slowing down along horizontal or Revision Summary of DSE Mathematics (Compulsory Part) Number and Algebra Polynomials Like terms and unlike terms e. Performing operations on numbers or pronumerals written in index form requires the application of the ind. Country: Indonesia. am •an =am+n 2. (–2n) 3 = (–2) 3 × n = –8n Law (5): n n n a Using the powers law of indices . Also find all West Bengal Board Chapter Notes, Books, Previous Year Question Paper with Solution, etc. Paper. com. −1 < x < 0. 3 mm aluminium sheet. Created by T. If a, b are real numbers (>0, ≠ 1) and m, n are real numbers, following properties hold true. (ab)n =anbn 5. 1 Simplify: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Working: (a) E. ()am n =amn, ii. g. Indices show where a number has been multiplied by itself, eg squared or cubed, or to show roots of numbers, eg square root. Powers 冪 i. /current. 4 Different Numeral Systems 2 1. apply Lenz’s law to determine the direction of induced e. 1 Concepts of inequalities In a recruitment exercise, the number of male applicants is 28% more than the number of female applicants. In order to master the techniques explained here it is vital that you undertake plenty of practice exercises so that they become second nature. Overview. 2 Zero and Negative Integral Indices We are now going to extend the idea of exponents to zero and negative integral indices in such a way that the laws of indices hold for all integral indices. Revision notes on 2. Madas Question 11 Write each of the following expressions as the sum of terms of the form kx n, where k is a constant. Sep 26, 2019 · Previous: Indices (numerical) Textbook Exercise. Express the answers with positive indices. Information Exercise 4 IR and UV English version Chinese version Exercise 5 Electromagnetic spectrum English version Chinese version . Powers of quotients. Alternative versions The laws of indices Introduction When a number is to be multiplied by itself a power, or an index, can be used to write this compactly. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Dedicated to S4 - S6 students. circumference of the earth in:mcmmmkm11. First Index Law: When terms with the same base are multiplied, the indices ar. 1 Laws of Positive Integral Indices 2. com/forms/d/1gwuTCvji-GdAzpHOGRjPKLskgFvscbOA0vUsB8AuDlE/viewform?edit 3. Laws of Indices 3. a m × a n = a m + n 2. Feb 8, 2023 · Name: Class: No. Note all numbers are subject to change and will be updated once all key skills have been finished by Dr Frost. Measures of Central Tendency and Other Statistical Values 6. x x7 3× − e. DSE 數學 – 必修 >. txt) or view presentation slides online. Given that. Madas Created by T. laws. Sep 2, 2019 · Previous: Distance Time Graphs Practice Questions Next: Negative Indices Practice Questions GCSE Revision Cards 1. Apply the fractional index outside the brackets to everything inside the brackets. 1. = 3x and b = 3y. (Review of last lesson) Simplify: (a) (b) Notes An equation involving indices may look some something like this: In order to solve such an equation the base numbers must be the same. 80. use negative and fractional indices. Mar 24, 2021 · 1) 2) 3) Division Law/ Quotient Rule – When expressions with the same base (x) are divided, the indices (m and n) are subtracted. 4 Different Numeral Systems Workbook Revision exercise 2 Unit 3: Linear inequalities in one unknown 3. Nov 16, 2021 · Language: Malay (ms) ID: 1648604. ML Aggarwal Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 8 Indices is designed by individual subject experts at BYJU’S, to help students solve the exercise problems of the chapter. Powers of products. 2x and 6x are like terms and 2x + 6x can be simplified as (2 + 6)x = 8x 4pq2 and –pq2 are like terms and 4pq2 – pq2 can be simplified as (4 – 1)pq2 = 3pq2 6ab and 5ac are unlike terms and they cannot be simplified Factorization 1. A number of the form a m where a is a real number, a is multiplied by itself m times. Index or Indices refers to the powers of a number or variable. Cost only one tutorial lesson fee per month. Absorber. Write 3x+y in terms of. Law 1: multiplying indices Law 2: dividing indices Law 3: brackets with indices Brackets with indices examples Law 4: power of 0 Law 5: negative indices Law 6: fractional indices (H) Laws of indices examples. 16/11/2021. mn a +. (Review of last lesson) Without a calculator, evaluate . D. am an = a(m–n), we can rewrite the above expression as –. Law of indices quiz for 12th grade students. a = a. They are called the Miller indices of the face. f. Index questions are provided here to help students understand how to simplify expressions using simple formulas and techniques. As an employer, you must protect your workers from the health risks of working with display screen equipment (DSE), such as PCs, laptops, tablets and smartphones. Example questions demonstrate working with indices, simplifying surds, solving logarithmic and exponential equations using appropriate logarithm laws and change of variable techniques. 434 Laws of Indices for Raising a Power to a Power. It contains 16 problems solving various inequalities involving variables like x, r, t, k, u, and α and β. ( a b) n = a n b n 5. when multiplying, add the indices when dividing, subtract the indices when raised to a power, multiply the indices Zero index: a number or letter to the power of zero is 1 Negative indices: Fractional indices: n or When evaluating fractional indices, it is easier to do the root first as you then have a smaller number to square, cube etc. dsemth. These laws only apply to expressions with the same base, for example, 3 4 and 3 2 can be manipulated using the Law of Indices, but we cannot use the Law of Indices to manipulate the expressions 3 5 and 5 7 as their base differs (their bases are 3 and 5, respectively). Subtract the power of the term in the denominator from the term in the numerator: . LEARNING. Examples: Oct 25, 2022 · 25/10/2022. This document contains 14 multi-part physics problems about Newton's laws of motion involving forces, masses, accelerations, and inclines. (3 marks) 7. Get Instant and Historical Market Data. More about Deductive Geometry 7. Examples: 1) 2) 3) Power Law/ Power Rule – When an expression is raised to a certain index and is raised again to another index, the indices (m and n) are multiplied. When a number is to be multiplied by itself a power, or an index, can be used to write this compactly. 5 2 0. examine induced e. 6 2 h h = h6 – 2 = h4 Law (3): (am)n = am × n e. m n n m a a a = − 3. Concept of limit 有興趣報讀課程既同學,可以填妥以下既 Google Form:https://docs. Solution: We proceed with the following manipulation –. x x5 2÷ f. Other contents: Exponents. ppt / . Next: Laws of Indices (numerical) Textbook Exercise. ( a b) n = a n b n. − n. Apr 4, 2018 · Previous: Fractional Indices Practice Questions Next: Limits of Accuracy Practice Questions GCSE Revision Cards Law of indices for e "expanding e" quesiton 1 "expanding e" quesiton 2 Limit question 1 about e *** Limit question 2 about e *** Limit question 3 about e *** Definition of natural log Solving equations related to e. K206d: Laws of indices for multiplying and dividing powers. a m ÷ a n = a m – n 3. 3 Handling positive, fractional, negative and zero indices Laws of Integral Indices 1. Scholar Investment Challenge. Question 1: Show that for any positive real number p, the expression a−p is equivalent to 1 ap. • You must show all your working out. th. e. Abundant study resources. When different absorbers are put in between, the corresponding corrected count rates are recorded. 5-a-day Workbooks A3. Sep 24, 2018 · Solved Examples on Laws of Indices, Exponents. In this example: 82 = 8 × 8 = 64. 2 指數定律 (Laws of Indices) 指數定律基本上係指下面幾條恆等式:. (所有練習只供教學用途,請勿轉售或作商業用途,如有任何版權侵犯,請立即通知本人以作下架。. 8 Factorization of Polynomials p. School subject: Math (1061955) Main content: Exponents (2011533) From worksheet author: The Live Worksheet exercise of Indices for Year 9. (m)n =a mn 4. Search. 433 Laws of Indices for Dividing Powers. Powers, or indices We write the expression 3×3× 3 PP-DSE-ENG LANG 1-A-QAB–2. If (p + q)-1 (p-1 + q-1) = paqb, prove that a + b + 2 = 0, where p and q are different positive primes. and b. If , find x and y, where a, b are different positive primes. Negative Indices Textbook Exercise. Giving your answers in standard form, correct to 3 significant fi. 1. The number a is called the base and the super script m is called the index (plural indices) or exponent. (all in one) 149 Multiply Algebraic Feb 9, 2014 · 中三數學重點一:指數法則 Laws of Indices-----指數法則是中三其中一重點課題。基礎打得唔穩﹐便會環環相扣 Worksheet 1:8 Power Laws Section 1 Powers In maths we sometimes like to nd shorthand ways of writing things. Six Having conducted and published postgraduate research into the mathematical theory behind quantum computing, he is more than confident in dealing with mathematics at any level the exam boards might throw at you. Downloadable version. am + nSecond Index Law: When terms with the same base are divided, the indices are sub. 2 Zero and Negative Indices 2. In words: 8 2 could be called "8 to the second power", "8 to the power 2" or simply "8 squared". The document also provides the answer to each problem, solving for the range of values that power. Using all 3 laws of indices . (d) (a5b 2) Simplify the following expressions and express the answers with positive indices. pdf) to avoid aches and pains Laws of Exponents. Country code: ID. School subject: Math (1061955) Main content: Laws of Indices (2043192) From worksheet author: Simplifying Algebraic expression under Multiplication and Division applying Laws of Indices. You can 'verify' them with particular examples as below, but this is not a proof: or, Laws of Integral Indices. Percentages (II) 4. There are TWO sections, A and B, in this Paper. Jun 4, 2023 · HKDSE Maths (Core) Past Paper Solutions香港中學文憑試數學科(必修部分) 歷屆試題題解Law of Indices指數定律#dse #dsemaths #hkdse #mathstutorial #pastpapers #pastpapersolutions Basic Laws of Indices. Quadrilaterals 8. a0 =1 Revision Exercise Short Questions 1. 有興趣報讀課程既同學,可以填妥以下既 Google Form:https://docs. Country code: MY. ( 中文版下載) ( English Version download) Ch2 More about Percentages續百分法. Mixed indices. Area and Volume (III) 10. Consider the compound inequality or 5 + x > 4 (a) (b) Solve ( * ) • Mar 23, 2019 · HKDSE 2018 Mathematics (Compulsory Part) Paper 2 Question 18^2n+1 / 4^3n+1 = (2^3)^2n+1 / (2^2)^3n+1= 2^6n+3 / 2^6n+2= 2^6n+3-(6n+2)= 2^6n+3-6n-2= 2ANS: B【La Laws of indices worksheets. 2 understand the laws of rational indices The laws of rational indices include: qap a p= a + q q p a a p= a q (ap)q = apq pa pb = (ab)p p p b a b a 3. 11 有英文版嗎? 有。請在畫面頂部按「用戶」圖示,然後按「設定」。在語言選項中,你可分別選擇「平台語言」及「數學語言 Getting Pass Tutorial for DSE Class: _____ Tutorial 1 Laws of Integral Indices Key Points Laws of Integral Indices If m, n are integers, and a, b 0, then 1. The radius of the earth is 6 . GCSE Revision Cards. Other contents: zero, negative, multiplication and division power Law. Applications of differentiation. 5-a-day Workbooks. Approximation of definite integrals using the trapezoidal rule. Primary Study Cards. Negative index 負指數 m m a a 1 − To manipulate expressions, we can consider using the Law of Indices. 2a2b Simplify the following. 8. The general statement of this law is: a n = a mn,where a . google. 4 days ago · Textbook PDF: Interactive PDF (Books 5-E4), PDF with Teacher's Notes (Books 5-E4) Lesson Worksheets (Books 5, E2, E3, E4) Know More (Books 5-E3) Solution for Student's Book (Books 5-E4) Lesson Planning: Teaching Scheme and Chapter Objectives (Book 5-E4) Supplementary Materials: NSE Worksheet (Books 5, E1, E3) Multimedia Resources. Indices Name: _____ Instructions • Use black ink or ball-point pen. resulting from a moving conductor in a steady magnetic field or a stationary conductor in a changing magnetic field. Equations with Indices Starter 1. Consider the following patterns: 103 = 1000 23 = 8 102 = 100 22 = 4 101 = 10 21 = 2 100 = 1 20 = 1 10–1 = ? 2–1 = ? 10–2 = ? 2–2 = ? Jul 1, 2023 · The law of rational indices states that the intercepts, OP, OQ, OR, of the natural faces of a crystal form with the unit-cell axes a, b, c (see Figure 1) are inversely proportional to prime integers, h, k, l. 2. The plural of index is indices. Write 32y in terms of b. i. h3 × h4 = h3 + 4 = h7 Law (2): am ÷ an = m n a a = am – n e. Laws of indices video. Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1. Previous: Forming Expressions Textbook Exercise S3 Math exercise Free PDF download 中三數學練習免費PDF下載 Jan 22, 2024 · 中三數學練習. 唔好以為唔駛考 >. 7 3 y y g. ↓. (k3)2 = k3 2×= k6 Law (4): (ab)n = anbn e. Answer your questions online. to Fin. The cubed sign tells us to take the number and multiply it by itself 3 times. 所以無論你諗住攞5**、定只係想攞個合格,都千奇唔好放過依幾分。. 1 4/9 – 12/9 Unit 2: Laws of integral indices 2. In this leaflet we remind you of how this is done, and state a number of rules, or laws, which can be used to simplify expressions involving indices. 4 2 9 a− ( ) a More Support Sep 7, 2019 · 本集內容包括:- Laws of Integral Indices「整數指數律」- Examples of Laws of Integral Indices 「整數指數律」- Scientific Notation「科學記數法」- Example using E From the starter, the laws of indices can be stated: when multiplying, add the indices when dividing, subtract the indices when raised to a power, multiply the indices Zero index (anything divided by itself is ): E. Exercise 6: Fractions. Textbook Exercise. The Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations apply to workers who use DSE daily, for continuous periods of an hour or more. From this, we deduce the second. Country: Guyana. Conditional probability and independence. 11. 10. 13 Linear Inequalities p. Jan 27, 2021 · Country code: GY. Example: X 3 x X 2 = ( X x X x X) x (X x X) = X 5. The difference ofthe number of male applicants and the number of female applicants is 91 (4 marks) Find the number of male applicants in the recruitment exercise. Simplify the expression inside the brackets: Cancel down the constants (divide 54 by 2). Khan Academy is a nonprofit with the mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere. Previous:Laws of Indices (numerical) Textbook Exercise. It also explains why any number/variable to the power of zero is one. 5 2 13/9 – 20/9 2. Linear Inequalities in One Unknown 5. Sep 26, 2019 · Books. Division 除法 m n n m a a a = − 3. School subject: MATHS (1126772) Main content: Maths (2011589) From worksheet author: CHAPTER 3 INDICES MATHEMATICS FORM 3. This document provides a mathematics exercise on inequalities for the HKDSE. Applications in Trigonometry 11. The exponent of a number says how many times to use the number in a multiplication. These three results are logical consequences of the definition of an , but really need a formal proof. The 3 is called the index. Help you improve DSE Math result efficiently. mc-bus-lawsindices-2009-1. 9. m. Simulation GCSE-Indices - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (. 2 Laws of Indices [Exponents] 7. Law 2To divide any two real numbers in index form that have the same base, subtract the powers or indices of the denominator from those of the numerator, and raise the base to. Powerpoint presentation overviewing Indices for the GCSE syllabus. School subject: Math (1061955) Main content: Indices (1990626) From worksheet author: applying the Laws. pdf) Advice for students. 7. (a) 2² x 2² (b) 2² x 2³ (c) 2⁶ x 2² (d) 2⁴ x 2³ (e) 2⁶ x 2⁸ (f) 2² x 2 (g) 2 x 2⁴ Jan 12, 2021 · Country: Bahamas. Introduction to Probability 310. Laws of indices: when multiplying, add the indices when dividing, subtract the indices when raised to a power, multiply the indices Zero index: any number or letter to the power of 1 is zero Negative indices: “1 over…” N. Sep 18, 2019 · The Corbettmaths Textbook Exercise on the Laws of Indices. Variables such as tension, weight, friction, and velocity are calculated. Smart Exercise, the most effective ever. 00 am (2 hours 30 minutes) This paper must be answered in English GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS 1. Simplifying expressions using the laws of indices Simplifying indices. a 2 SWAE Managers Reference Guide: DSE for Hybrid Working (. • Answer the Questions in the spaces provided – there may be more space than you need. Corbettmaths - This video goes through the laws of indices needed for both the foundation and higher tiers. 1 Laws of Indices for the Edexcel A Level Maths: Pure syllabus, written by the Maths experts at Save My Exams. With fractions, flip the fraction and change the sign of the index: E. x x4 3× b. 3 understand the definition and properties of Provided by dse. In his work on the gravitational force between two bodies he foun. 5-a-day Workbooks Unit test. Definite integrals and their applications. (b) 3a4 X 9a5 (x-2)4 (c) (d) . Write the following expressions in order, starting with the smallest. 3. Answers written in the margins will not be marked. In this leaflet we remind you of how this is done, and state a number of rules, or laws, which can be used to simplify expressions involving indices. DSE Topics Supplement 1 Laws of Integral Indices, Expansion and Factorization of Polynomials Junior Sec Foundation Topics Key Review (a) Laws of Integral Indices Exercise 1A Conventional Questions Laws of Integral Indices Simplify the following expressions and express the answers with positive indices. How to use the laws of indices. Find other quizzes for Mathematics and more on Quizizz for free! 911 – 9 = 92. 3a3 X 4a (a electromagnetic induction. 30 am - 11. Indices are used to show numbers that have been multiplied by themselves. Laws of Indices Video 174 on Corbettmaths Question 1: Write as a single power of 2. Corrected count rate / counts min −1. (a) + x6z 230 (b) 322. In this article, you can practise various problems on indices of numbers, variables and some special expressions. pdf), Text File (. 1 Without a calculator, find the value of . 432 Laws of Indices for Multiplying Powers. B. p p3 × d. However, you should still follow the good practice outlined in the safe use of DSE guidance sheet (. Indefinite integrals and their applications. (A) Common Law of Indices 常用指數定律 Common Law of Indices 常用指數定律 1. n n b a b a = 6. Then 106 means multiply 10 by itself 6 times. Simplify 4 5 7 xy− x and express your Access Solution for NCERT Class 9 Mathematics Chapter Laws Of Indices including all intext questions and Exercise questions solved by subject matter expert of BeTrained. Exercise 3: Two step multiplication. a−p = a(0–p) Using Law 2 i. Laws of Integral Indices (整數指數律 ) If a, b ≠ 0 and both m and n are integers, then Law (1): am × an = am + n e. 2 Find the value of in the following expressions: (a) (b) Working: (a) Introduction. Overview; App Exercise for HKDSE (Inequalities) (3). There are three rules that should be used when working with indices: 1. Title: Print Layout - Mathster Created Date: 20140105090002Z Data Services. 5H Revision on Indices Rules of Indices: a a am n m n× = + and a a am n m n÷ = − and ( ) a am mnn = Negative and fractional indices: n 1 n a a − = and 1 a an = n and ( ) m m a a or an = n n m Special indices: a a1 = and a0 =1 1. ( a m) n = a m × n 4. y y5 2× c. 指數定律. The Chapter 7, Indices [Exponents], contains 3 exercises and the Solutions given here contains the answers for all the questions present in these exercises. Zero index 零指數 0a =1 (a ≠0) 5. 3 Scientific Notation 2. 1 Introduction. Click here for Questions. Laws of indices as applied to products. The following table shows the results. a) (12) 2 2 3x + b) (1 12 2) Index Laws Mathematics IMA Intro. a m • a. 27) was a mathematician, physicist and astronomer. define magnetic flux Φ = BA cosθand weber (Wb) as a unit of magnetic flux. ( 中文版下載) ( English Version download) Ch3 More about Unit 3 Section 2 : Laws of Indices. Next:Inequalities Textbook Exercise. (ab) =ambm, iii. m m m b a b a ⎟ = ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛ (b ≠0) 4. If a, b 0 and m, n are both integers, then. Ch1 Laws of Integral Indices指數定律. pptx), PDF File (. Full refund for 14 days -½. Powers,orindices Mar 14, 2023 · HKDSE Maths (Core) Past Paper Solutions香港中學文憑試數學科(必修部分) 歷屆試題題解Law of Indices指數定律#dse #dsemaths #hkdse #mathstutorial #pastpapers #pastpapersolutions . More about 3-D Figures 9. Level up on all the skills in this unit and collect up to 1,700 Mastery points! Learn for free about math, art, computer programming, economics, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, finance, history, and more. pdf) and the using a computer leaflet (. Exercise 4: Two step division. One such shorthand we use is powers. Sep 18, 2019 · Next: Multiplying Terms Textbook Exercise GCSE Revision Cards. 32. CHEMISTRY PAPER 1. Country: Malaysia. 等我地一齊嚟重溫一吓…. Apply the negative index outside the brackets by 'flipping' the fraction inside the brackets. express the big number as a power of the smaller number Jan 15, 2019 · Exercise 1: Adding and Subtracting Exercise 2: Multiplying and Dividing. They are usually small because the corresponding lattice planes are among the densest and May 31, 2013 · Key points include laws of indices, rationalizing surds, laws of logarithms including change of base, and the general forms of exponential functions as ax and ex. 1–8] 1. Author: fcl Created Date: 8. From the information given in paragraphs 3 and 4, decide if the following statements are true (), false (F) or T not given (NG). Coordinate Geometry of Straight Lines 12. • Answer all Questions. In this section of text you will learn about powers and rules for manipulating them through a number of worked examples. Simplify the following expressions and write the answers in positive indices. 同學最緊要係識得利用上面幾條公式嚟化簡有指數嘅數式就可以了。. Changing the subject of a formula (6 exercises) 8. xw vr hn wh dy ln jj ri ll ig