Victrola tracking force. If you change it, you'll get even worse groove damage.

Victrola tracking force 2. Sometimes, I found the force reaching up to 6. Aug 31, 2022 · A digital tracking force gauge is an inexpensive scale you can purchase that can potentially save you tons of money. I’m thinking it’s an issue with the tracking force and anti-skate that I can adjust. Refer to your Victrola turntable’s manual to determine the recommended tracking force for your specific model. Stream your music via Bluetooth, or play your favorite tunes on the FM Radio, from the CD Player, or through the 3. Another thing is that I doubt the tracking force is 2. Haven't tested it yet, but I measured it and the Banpa cartridge weighs 2. The tracking force, controlled by the counterweight unit on the back of the tonearm is another potential cause for Victrola record player skipping issues. Aug 4, 2024 · 5. They're low end turntables with shitty tonearms as others have said, rebadged Chinese stuff. Typically, you’ll need to adjust the counterweight on the tonearm to achieve the recommended tracking force. 6-2. Jun 15, 2023 · Provide step-by-step instructions for calibrating the tonearm and setting the optimal tracking force on your Victrola record player. There will often be a specified tracking force range, with an optimum number somewhere in the middle. Not to mention skipping on records with complicated passages in the grooves. Adjust the counterweight until the tonearm floats freely above the platter, and then adjust it until it is equal to the recommended tracking force. Modern Bluetooth Stereo Turntable. When I tried to measure the tracking force of the Victrola and Corsley, I got the result that I was expecting to see. The suitcase record players like Victrola are known to exert very high downward tracking force while playing records that are somewhere between 5 to 6 grams. No, you don't. . 5 grams, the AT3600L is compatible with a wide range of turntables. 6-IN-1 NOSTALGIC ENTERTAINMENT CENTER. This force can pull the tonearm and stylus off-center. Set the Anti-Skating Weight Accordingly With the tracking force set, we can set the anti-skating Both of which you probably need to track (play) that specific album corrrectly. Summary This is a rather embarrassing conclusion to the review of such an inexpensive cartridge and highlights the unpredictability of the phono-cartridge world. Tracking force range – 1. Jun 27, 2023 · Step 2: Understand the Recommended Tracking Force: Consult your turntable’s user manual or the manufacturer’s specifications to determine the recommended tracking force for your particular cartridge. Gradually apply additional downward pressure by rotating the counterweight until the recommended tracking force is achieved. Tracking Force. It will usually be between 1 and 2 grams. You are also in for a lot of skipping on heavily recorded passages. By following these steps, you can ensure that your Victrola record player is properly prepared for balancing the tonearm. By following these steps, you can ensure that your Victrola record player is properly prepared for balancing the tonearm. View and Download Victrola VTA-200B instruction manual online. I’ve tried half a dozen different cartridges on the RB110 that have worked perfectly. 6 grams unless you have some way to compensate for it. 0 grams, so 6. Q5- Is 3 grams too much tracking force? Dec 11, 2024 · This Victrola not so much, it's got that typical garbage plastic table with the red cartridge. 6 grams is the tracking force that vinyl LPs and 45s were originally designed to be played at. If the scale reads the correct weight, you’re all set! Tracking Force . This evidently ruins your records over time. Ensure the reading is within the recommended range specified by the cartridge manufacturer. 0 grams, so the tracking force on the Victrola is quite high. If the tracking force is too light, the stylus may skip over the grooves. So, if that pressure is too great, the needle itself might be contacting the record too hard, which not only damages your record but can also slow the rotation speed. Visit our blog to learn more about turntable speed and the differences between a belt vs direct drive turntable. Most of the album plays beautifully, except the last track on side B which skips around a lot. Refer to the cartridge’s user manual for the ideal tracking force range. May 5, 2021 · The Eastwood turntable by Victrola is a 3-speed record player with Dual-Bluetooth connectivity that allows you to stream music from a smart device to its Tracking force: 2. Stylus Force Gauge: This measures the vertical tracking force (VTF), ensuring that your tonearm applies just the right amount of pressure to your records. Lower the cueing lever and adjust the counterweight on the tonearm so that it floats parallel to the platter. Use a tracking force gauge to set the appropriate pressure on the stylus. VTA-200B home theater system pdf manual download. 5 g; Stylus The amount of weight recommended by many brands for tonearm is 3. Jun 27, 2023 · Adjust Tracking Force: Tracking force refers to the downward pressure applied by the stylus on the record. The recommended tracking force for the Victrola VSC-550BT is 2 grams. If the tracking force is too light, the needle may skip or jump. Try another record. 5 to 3. 4-1. It all depends on how valuable/special you think your 78s are. 5. Adjust Tonearm’s Tracking Force. An adjustable counterweight allows you to set the correct tracking force, which is essential for gentle and precise tracking of the grooves. Jul 4, 2023 · Victrola turntables typically have fixed tracking force settings, which may not be ideal for all records. Might be cheaper in the USA and Canada than it normally is here in europe or Denmark where I live. View and Download Victrola ITUT-420 instruction manual online. Nov 19, 2024 · Hack #6: Adjusting the Tracking Force. Mar 25, 2023 · Tracking Force; The tracking force is the amount of pressure that the stylus puts on the record. 5g. 5 g (15 mN) Tracking angle – 20° Internal impedance, DC resistance – 1. Most Victrola Suitcase record players will have a recommended tracking force listed on the cartridge or in the user manual. Stylus Tracking Force Gauge. You can now test whether your Victrola record player is skipping! Warning: Be extremely gentle when lifting the tonearm and cleaning the stylus! 4. A 6. As its name suggests, it has a carbon cantilever but its tracking force is between that of the AT91 and AT3600L, with a tracking-force range of 2-3g and a normal setting of 2. These low end turntables don't have that stuff. 🎧🎚️ Whether you Both the old Victorla (for 78's only back in the early 20th century) and the new Victrola, sourced from the Skywin OEM factory, will put very heavy tracking force on your records. Oct 18, 2023 · Adjust Tracking Force and Anti-Skate: Learn how to set the appropriate tracking force and anti-skate settings on your Victrola player to ensure proper stylus alignment and reduce record wear. Pass on the older Fluance RT81 since the newer RT82 adds a speed sensor for much lower wow and flutter and the speed won't drift. 🎶 In this video, we'll walk you through the process of adjusting the tracking on your turntable for optimal sound quality and performance. Dec 19, 2024 · To adjust the tracking force, refer to your record player’s user manual for specific instructions. 0 grams. Mar 14, 2021 · The tracking force range for the Ortofon 2M Red is 1. You can type in “tracking force” and “78 rpm” to get more 78 rpm oriented results. Yours looks to be on the better end of what Victrola has but the minimum I'd recommend for a turntable is having adjustable tracking force and anti-skate. This is the force that the needle contacts the record’s grooves and when it’s too hard, the playback might include a severe thutter. In my research I found that the Crosley’s tacking force actually is around 6. If the tracking force is too low, the sound may be distorted, and the bass response may be weak. Oct 18, 2023 · If your turntable has an anti-skate adjustment, make sure it’s set to the same value as the tracking force. Oct 6, 2024 · Victrola Re-Spin: A plastic tonearm with no adjustability. To adjust the anti-skate, refer to the anti-skate dial located near the back of the turntable and adjust it accordingly to match the tracking force. Sep 26, 2024 · Is your turntable level? I once had a persistent skipping problem that was solved by simply adjusting the feet of my Victrola. Their sophomore album Force Majeure is a 12-track battering ram of an album from the garage punk heroes, builds hugely on the promise showed by their 2022 lockdown-born debut album Forever Giving The manual better value Victrola VPRO-2000 $137 adds adjustable tracking force, a removable cartridge, pitch control, Quartz lock and USB and Bluetooth output. Setup Guide: Turntable, Phono Preamp, Amp or Receiver, Speakers Mar 17, 2014 · Re: Ideal Tracking Force Post by analogaudio » 17 Mar 2014 22:41 with less downforce it may skip or distort on loud passages; with more downforce it won't skip, but the wear rate is slightly increased; to begin with why not use the maximum recommended by the manufacturer? Jan 15, 2025 · Tracking ability at 315Hz at recommended tracking force – 80 µm. Many protractors are available for free Basically a record player is supposed to have a certain amount of tracking force (lets say from 0-2 force) from the needle to play vinyl. From information in another thread, it seems likely that your records have already been subjected to wear-inducing record players, and I doubt that a few more plays on your Victrola would Jul 10, 2023 · There’s no track skipping, no shuffling. 0 g , and since your problem sounds to me to be related to tracking force inadequacy, I'd move to 2. That means that their tracking force is higher than 5 grams. Nov 7, 2022 · Conversely, if the tracking force is too light, the force from the grooves can potentially throw the cartridge up, causing the needle to skim or “skate” across the vinyl record. Cleanliness and Record Care: Highlight the significance of clean records and a well-maintained stylus in achieving distortion-free sound. 5 mg Tracking force range Victrola Stream & Hi-Res: VPT-4000 Stream Sapphire VPT-3000 Stream Carbon & Stream Pearl VPT-2000 Stream Onyx VPT-2500 Hi-Res Carbon VPT-1500 Hi-Res Onyx Premiere Line: The T1 Turntable System components: VPT-1000 The T1 Turntable VPM-254 The M1 Monitors The V1 Turntable Music System components: VPA-583 The V May 17, 2023 · c. According to Ortofon's specs, the 2M Red has a tracking force range of 1. Sep 7, 2024 · That’s it. Manufacturers usually place the force higher to prevent skipping or just don't include a counterweight at all and leave the tracking force up to the weight of the tonearm and cartridge. The needle will then land on a random place in the groove, and cause both skipping and potentially damage the record. Also check that the tonearm drop device is not resting on the tonearm when it touches the player. You can adjust the tracking force on the Victrola 6 in-1 turntable by using the counterweight on the back of the To adjust the tracking force, locate the counterweight at the back of the tonearm and rotate it in the appropriate direction to achieve the desired tracking force measured in grams. Compliance, dynamic, lateral – 22 µm/mN. 5 – 3. 6. Common object that weighs 1 gram is a lego brick or 2 paperclips. 99. 0 How do I stop my Victrola from skipping? To stop it, pull the cueing lever up to lift the tonearm off the record. Avoid excessive force, as it can damage your records. That's the down side of the new shiny vinyl world. 2 kOhm Sep 25, 2024 · Different cartridges and tonearms require specific tracking forces, and selecting a needle with the wrong tracking force can lead to poor performance and skipping. Anti-skate adjustment: Anti-skate applies outward force on the tonearm to counteract inward tracking force. Feb 14, 2022 · My opinion is that one play at your Victrola's likely tracking force of near 6 grams will cause measurable wear, but I'm not sure that "ruins" the record. If the tracking force is too light, the stylus may lose contact with the grooves, resulting in skipping. Stylus tip radius – r/R 8/40 µm. From research, I found that their tracking Apr 7, 2024 · Use the tracking force gauge to ensure the correct amount of pressure is applied on the stylus as it tracks the grooves. If played enough times, you will expect to hear permanent surface noise and/or loss frequencies on a better turntable. 5 to 3 grams. This item: Victrola Eastwood 3-Speed Bluetooth Turntable with Built-in Speakers and Dust Cover | Upgraded Turntable Audio Sound | Bamboo (VTA-72-BAM) $72. it looks like the knob on top of the counterweight is used to adjust tracking force. 7 g (14-17 mN) Tracking force, recommended – 1. The tracking force is the amount of pressure that the needle exerts on the record as it plays. Too bad that a lot of people getting all these Victrola, crosley and other vinyl lathes for Christmas and wonder than why it's either not working or sounding bad or just plain destroying their records all tables should have adjustable tracking force. put it on platter, place needle on scale, read tf on scale, adjust tf to recommended for your cartridge. ") Sep 13, 2022 · Every cartridge has an optimum tracking force as specified by the manufacturer. 8). A proper tracking force ensures that the stylus tracks the record groove accurately, resulting in clear and detailed sound reproduction. How to Balance a Tonearm & Set Turntable Tracking Force. Instead of the automatic AT-LP60X for $10 more the manual Victrola VPRO-2000 $149 adds adjustable tracking force, a removable cartridge, pitch control, Quartz lock, a stroboscopic platter and Bluetooth and USB output. Even then it wouldn't be worth it because past a certain point, cartridges don't affect record wear. Proper alignment – Correctly placing the needle in the groove will protect both the stylus and the disc from scratching. May 25, 2017 · And to note, the Victrola puts a lot of tracking force on your records, accelerating groove damage. 3 grams, versus 1. Set the Anti-Skate (if applicable) Anti-skate is a feature that counteracts the inward force generated as the stylus moves toward the center of the record. Leave it alone. Nov 16, 2024 · Tracking force has a significant impact on sound quality. Instead, the app instructs you to align the counterweight with a groove on the tonearm. This article aims to give you an overall idea of what tracking force is, how it can affect the sound of the record and also guide you through the set up on your own record player. It offers good tracking ability and is capable of handling moderate record imperfections without significant distortion. 0 grams tracking force is frankly quite high. Note: Additional delays may occur due to severe weather or other carrier delays. Here's what your record player is missing: Turntable Setup: Setting Tracking Force & Anti-Skate. And I’ve got a giant sleeve with album art, photos, and extras to peruse while I do the tracking weight (the force the needle pushes down on the grooves) is generally up to 4x what it should be Not true. The AT3600L delivers a balanced and accurate sound reproduction, with a warm and rich tonal quality. 5, I personally keep my AT LP120 set to 1. Step 6: Set the Tracking Force. Jun 28, 2023 · It will indicate the tracking force applied by the stylus. This will ensure that the needle tracks the grooves correctly and produces optimal sound quality. Victrola VPRO-2000 $199 $69 on sale adds adjustable tracking force, adds pitch control, adds a removable cartridge, also has Bluetooth if you must convert the signal to digital wireless, and is a better improvement over a suitcase if your budget is under $100. And if Demon Days still skips, stop playing it until you can get a real record player. Frequency response - 20-20. if you're going to play When I tried to measure the tacking force on my Victrola it actually overloaded my tracking force gauge. 0 g tracking force. The tracking force is usually measured in grams and indicates the ideal weight that the stylus should apply on the record. The tracking force depends on the cartridge in use – if you are unaware of it, you can find this in your cartridge’s specifications. Utilize a tracking force gauge or a digital scale specifically designed for record players to accurately measure the tracking force. The tracking force is a critical setting that affects the sound quality of your records. Fluance RT82: Features a static balanced aluminum S-type tonearm with an adjustable counterweight and anti-skate adjustment. (And no, it does not "sound fine. If the cartridge stylus manufacturer recommends a tracking force range from 2 grams to 5 grams, try setting it around 2. Oct 2, 2019 · Tracking force is a pretty simple concept but can be daunting for newbies or the first purchase of a deck with a tracking force option. Just listening to an album the way the artist intended. Most decent turntables have a tracking force around 2. When I tried to measure the tacking force on my Crosley, it overloaded my tracking force gauge. In my research I found that the tacking force is around 6. Nothing can be fixed/changed to make it work well, kind of like shining a piece of poo Apr 1, 2023 · Another possible cause of skipping is the tracking force of the tonearm. Allow up to 5 business days for your order to process when calculating delivery dates. Jan 23, 2023 · I paid 94 euro's (135 Canadian $) (101 US $) and that was including shipping! Which I think is crazy low for a turntable with an adjustable tracking force. Both of them overloaded my stylus tracking force gouge which can measure tracking force up to 5. 8 grams. This will help you avoid damaging your stylus, platter, or vinyl records while also ensuring optimal sound quality. How do you change the track force on a Victrola? RECORD PLAYERS: Tracking Force Jun 19, 2023 · Step 6: Adjust the Tracking Force. 0 grams is quite high. Tracking Force Adjustment: Adjusting the tracking force can significantly impact the sound quality. Setting Up The Tracking Force Gauge Sep 24, 2024 · The sound distortions on your Victrola record player are mainly caused by the stylus, especially when the tracking force is too much or too low. Adjust the tracking force to the recommended level for your specific cartridge and record type. This helps in reducing distortion and uneven wear. However at that price I recommend the Jul 27, 2023 · Tonearm and Tracking Force: Check if the Victrola turntable has an adjustable counterweight on the tonearm. Jul 3, 2023 · Consult the owner’s manual or manufacturer’s specifications to determine the recommended tracking force range for your particular Victrola model. To adjust the tracking force, locate the counterweight at the back of the tonearm. The compliance refers to the stiffness of the stylus suspension system, and it needs to match the compliance characteristics of your tonearm for optimal playback. 5mm Auxiliary input! Features an analog radio dial with beautiful "aro Jul 30, 2023 · The Victrola has Wi-Fi built in, too, and it has a control app. Adjust it to match the tracking force set for the stylus. Only then should you press the “stop” button. Make necessary adjustments until you attain the desired tracking force. If it doesn't skip, great! If you use a more modern turntable with a 78 stylus then you'll get a non period correct sound, but the much lower tracking force will cause much less wear on your records. Before you play music or after resetting your tracking force, simply place the digital tracking force gauge on the platter of your turntable and lower the cartridge. On more expensive turntables the tracking force is usually around 2. What is the tracking force (needle pressure) on a Victrola suitcase record player? From my research, I found the Victrola Suitcase record player tracking force to be around 6. Begin by setting your turntable’s anti-skating dial—usually a small knob next to the tonearm—to zero. Adjust the weight on the tonearm to achieve this setting and ensure optimal audio performance and record longevity. Optimum tracking is 1-3 grams Common object that weighs 2 grams is a dime. Adjust the counterweight on the tonearm accordingly to achieve the proper tracking force. ITUT-420 turntable pdf manual download. There are a couple different schools of thought on setting the initial tracking weight with one starting on the high-end and moving down and the other starting in the middle of the range and adjusting as necessary. She likes it though for the looks and it's easy enough for her to use and does other stuff like radio/bluetooth. I know I need to somehow change the tracking force. Nov 17, 2021 · What is the tracking force of a Victrola? My stylus tracking force gouge can measure tracking force up to 5. On average, they have a force of around 5. I could find almost nothing about mechanical setup that was left to chance by the app. 78s need a slightly higher tracking force because they spin much faster than LPs, usually around 1. Sources: Sound Matters. Rotate the counterweight until it is balanced, ensuring the tonearm is parallel to the platter. Upgrade Your Equipment: If you become a dedicated vinyl enthusiast, consider upgrading your setup with a better turntable, cartridge, and speakers for Well, it (and its brethren) are the worst turntables on earth. 7 grams!!! Should I be worried about this? Apr 29, 2023 · Next, adjust the weight of the tonearm by turning the counterweight. It is crucial to ensure that the tracking force aligns with the specifications recommended by the record manufacturers to minimize the risk of damage. Don't add weight to the tonearm - it's already using a lot of tracking force to run the ceramic cartridge in the arm. Stylus type – Nude Fine Line. Position the gauge or scale on the turntable and allow the tonearm to rest on it. If it’s too light, your needle might be bouncing around like a kangaroo on a trampoline. then set antiskate at or just below tf. If you change it, you'll get even worse groove damage. Plus speakers starting at $85. Jun 14, 2023 · With a tracking force range of 2. The Crosley C10 is based on a Pro-ject turntable and has a Pro-ject tonearm. On the other hand, if the tracking force is too heavy, it can damage the record. Melbourne's effortlessly cool five-piece Delivery are without a doubt one of the most exciting bands in Australia right now. This pressure is known as the tracking force. So when retrofitting one, you should keep in mind that it'll increase your tracking force by 0. The Victrola Empire 6-in-1 Bluetooth Record Player is perfect for vinyl lovers with its 3-Speed Turntable and Mid-century modern look. 99 $ 72. Adding to that, you don’t even have the option to adjust the downward tracking force because of the absence of an adjustable counterweight at the back of the tonearm. Depending on the record player and individual record, you’ll need to adjust the counterweight to change how much pressure the stylus is exerting on the vinyl. Dec 15, 2024 · There is no need to balance the tonearm. 4. This information will help you achieve the ideal balance for your records. The stylus is a tiny diamond that sits on the tip of the arm and reads the grooves of a record. Balance the tonearm then set the tracking force. Consult the user manual or instructions specific to your Victrola model to determine the correct tracking force setting. If the tracking force is too low, the tonearm tend to slide across the grooves and not catch anything. Once the tracking force is appropriately set, secure Replacement stylus for the Stream Carbon turntable. you need to get a scale to measure tf. For only $10 more than the AT-LP60X the manual Victrola VPRO-2000 $149 adds adjustable tracking force, a removable cartridge, pitch control, Quartz lock, a stroboscopic platter and USB and Bluetooth output over the AT-LP60X. I looked up some info and some advice I read said to keep the tracking and anti-skate both matched at the same grams (in this case 1. This will cause the wear and tear to happen faster. Remember, setting the tracking force too high will wear out your vinyl faster. Guide the tonearm back to its resting spot. Mar 28, 2021 · The stylus tracking force control will indicate the weight applied to the vinyl groove. Also, check your tracking force. Now, let’s address the dreaded speed inconsistencies. Replace the stylus. Q4- How to Adjust tracking force Victrola & Crosley record players? Victrola and Crosley record players don’t have a counterweight dialer so you can’t adjust the tracking force yourself. Tracking information will be sent as items are shipped. 5 or 3 grams and do a listening test. Oct 19, 2024 · Tracking force. Tracking force – Be sure the stylus isn’t pressing too hard into the record. This ensures precise tracking and protects your vinyl from damage. The vertical tracking force is measuring 5. Dec 31, 2016 · Well, no adjustable tracking force, cheap plastic platter, bad damping plastic construction. Use the app to get the Stream Carbon onto the same network as your Sonos system, and it will integrate itself into the Sonos S2 Dec 20, 2023 · 9. In this case, the optimum recommended tracking force is 1. Cartridge Alignment Protractor: This tool aligns your cartridge correctly to avoid putting extra stress on the stylus or grooves of your records. This is critical for setting the proper tracking force. If you look in the liner notes of many records from the '50s and '60s, they often recommend a tracking force of 5 to 6 grams for stereo record players and 8 to 10 grams for monaural phonographs. Though it is not an issue of great concern, out of curiosity, I've tried to measure the tracking force of both brands. Then, turn the counterweight (and the scale) to the correct tracking force. 0 grams, so the Victrola has higher tracking force than that. 0 grams as well. Oct 2, 2024 · The tracking force is the weight that is applied to the tonearm, hence the pressure of the stylus onto the record grooves. 5 grams. Adjust the Tracking Force: If the tracking force measurement is outside the recommended range, you may need to adjust it. Turntable Platter Issues: The platter is the rotating platform on which the record sits. My stylus tracking force gouge can measure tracking force up to 5. Dec 31, 2023 · put something on the tonearm to increase tracking force. Once you’ve achieved a horizontal balance, turn the counterweight scale to indicate zero. Companies like to brag how little force they need but in truth often do their best at the heaviest setting of their recommended range. It has gone up in price again though after I bought it. Changing the stylus MAY help with the premature wearing of records but the main contributor to wear is its unholy high tracking force of 6-8gr (when 1-3gr is typical for decent turntables). Improper tracking force can lead to skipping or distortion during playback. However, these units come with a pre-adjusted tracking force which weighs over 5 grams. It's already correct for a Victrola suitcase player. 000 Hz + 3 / - 1 dB Tracking ability at 315Hz at recommended tracking force *) - 70 µm Compliance, dynamic, lateral - 20 µm/mN Stylus type - Elliptical Stylus tip radius - r/R 8/18 µm Equivalent stylus tip mass - 0. Apr 11, 2018 · I ordered one and it arrived today. Check your Victrola’s manual to find out what the recommended tracking force is for your Dec 11, 2023 · The RB110 tonearm tracking force is set the same way as it’s set on 99% of all tonearm - by adjusting the counterweight. From information in another thread, it seems likely that your records have already been subjected to wear-inducing record players, and I doubt that a few more plays on your Victrola would This item: Victrola Eastwood 3-Speed Bluetooth Turntable with Built-in Speakers and Dust Cover | Upgraded Turntable Audio Sound | Bamboo (VTA-72-BAM) $72. The phono cartridge these players use has a recommended tracking force of 4 to 6 grams, and every one that I have seen properly measured has been within that range. In that position, vertical tracking force is correct for the supplied cartridge. And, if you’re looking to invest in quality, value, and premium sound, pick Victrola—the companion of audiophiles across the nation. 7 grams for a "JC" Chinese CZ800-clone (both with stylus installed). Tracking force and anti-skate are non-existent, which can lead to record wear and poor playback. The cheaper the needle the higher the setting would typically be needed and Victrola’s don’t even have adjustment available and are usually cheap plastic construction. That means you shall get more wear on the records if you use Crosley and Victrola. Which can measure up to 5. Brands like crosley and victrola have I believe a tracking force of 3. hitx lku ctw fquho jod yzqwv jebm dfmcm ymnhil rgbxa zeozqs gxksfo yfro lalqah iwtxj
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